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American kestrel

However, increases in the central United States are being offset by declines in the Northeast and the West Coast (California and Oregon). Length 10.5"; wingspan 23".Adult male: head has gray crown, rufous nape with black spot on either side, dark moustaches around white cheeks. Underparts are white, washed with cinnamon. Up to 5 or 6 young per brood, depending on food availability. Light underwings and generally light body coloration. Adult female: head similar pattern to male, but more brown on crown. Note distinctive habit of pumping tail while perched.The slender American Kestrel is roughly the size and shape of a Mourning Dove, although it has a larger head; longer, narrow wings; and long, square-tipped tail. Flight style is quick and buoyant, almost erratic, with wings usually swept back. Fans tail when hovering.Two subspecies occur in North America; widespread nominate Merlin appears darker in flight due to dark underwings, shorter tail. Often seen perching on telephone wires along roadsides or fence posts.
Wings are blue-gray with dark primaries. In flight, the wings are often bent and the wingtips swept back.Mourning Dove-sized; slightly smaller than a MerlinAmerican Kestrels are pale when seen from below and warm, rusty brown spotted with black above, with a black band near the tip of the tail. American Kestrels are pale when seen from below and warm, rusty brown spotted with black above, with a black band near the tip of the tail. When perched, looks darker, more heavy-bodied, lacks the 2 moustaches. In flight, note long, pointed wings, slender body, and deep wing beats. Polytypic (New World 17 ssp. Back, wings, and tail are reddish brown with dark barring; subterminal tailband much wider than other bands. It will also use man-made nestboxes placed high on trees and telephone poles.

All have 2 bold, dark moustache marks framing white cheeks on the face and have the dark eyes typical of falcons. Note how kestrels often pump their tails after landing. Small falcon with a small head. Males and females have pairs of black vertical slashes on the sides of their pale faces—sometimes called a “mustache” and a “sideburn. The birds are easily recognized by two vertical black lines on the cheeks and a rufous-colored back and tail.

The tail is patterned with highly variable amounts of black, white, or gray bands. Two color morphs of resident birds occur in Cuba: a pale and a dark morph. ; 2 in North America). In open country it is commonly seen perched on roadside wires, or hovering low over a field on rapidly beating wings, waiting to pounce on a grasshopper. © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, © 2015- American Kestrels occupy habitats ranging from deserts and grasslands to alpine meadows. The American kestrel is usually found in close proximity to open fields, either perched on a snag or telephone wire or hovering in search of prey. American Kestrels usually snatch their victims from the ground, though some catch quarry on the wing. At distance, note slim body with long tail. They have two black slashes on their face and a gray crown. The typical falcon-shaped wings are slim and pointed; the tail long and square-tipped. Male may feed female as part of courtship. Nests in holes in trees; also in nest boxes. Back is completely streaked, heavy streaks on breast. Juvenile male: head similar to adult, but less gray and with dark streaks on crown. Often hunts by flapping into the wind to hover in place, scanning the ground below. Males show a row of white dots (“string of pearls”) on the trailing edges of the underwings. All rights reserved Males have slate-blue wings; females’ wings are reddish brown.

Common nicknames for this scrappy little raptor include "sparrow hawk" (after the distantly related Eurasian Sparrowhawk), "grasshopper hawk," for one of its favorite prey items, and "killy hawk… Winter: the majority of birds winter in the southern United States, often spaced out on every other telephone pole in agricultural areas. Juvenile female: very similar to adult female. Flight: light, bouncy flight is usually not direct and purposeful—often with “twitches” or hesitation. Often bobs its tail while perched. When perched, kestrels often pump their tails as if they are trying to balance. 2020 National Geographic Partners, LLC. They are gracefully buoyant in flight, and are small enough to get tossed around in the wind. It hunts insects, small mammals, and reptiles from a perch or on the wing. Eastern populations are thought to be affected by loss of open habitat due to 2 factors; human development and agricultural abandonment leading to reforestation, with a subsequent increase in Females are rusty overall with black barring on the wings and back.
Breeding: a cavity nester, it uses dead trees, cliffs, occasionally a dirt bank, and even a hollow giant cactus in the Southwest. Spring migrants are only concentrated along the Great Lakes watch-sites. Males have slate-blue wings; females’ wings are reddish brown. Will hover above a field on rapidly beating wings, or soar in place in strong winds above a hillside. Migration: northern breeders follow traditional fall migration routes to wintering ranges in the southern United States and northern Mexico.

A small percentage winter in snow-covered states, the numbers depending on food sources.Overall, numbers are stable.

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