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surveyor spacecraft design

Description. All seven spacecraft are still on the Moon; none of the missions included returning them to Earth. The Surveyor program consisted of seven uncrewed lunar missions that were launched between May 1966 and January 1968. Its primary goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of soft landings on the Moon. Five of these spacecraft, In addition to proving a variety of new equipment and spacecraft design and validating the technique for landing on the Moon, Like its predecessors, this mission carried a survey television camera, as well as other instrumentation for determining various properties of the lunar surface material.
The Surveyor craft were the first American spacecraft to achieve soft landing on an extraterrestrial body. Five of the Surveyor craft successfully soft-landed on the Moon, including the first one. As part of the surface mechanical properties investigation, On November 26, 1967, the spacecraft was placed in hibernation for the two-week lunar night.

The surface sampler, flown on The soil mechanics investigation was performed by the surface sampler carried on Composition of surface materials was also determined from data obtained by the alpha-scattering instrument. The launch weights (at lunar injection) of the seven Surveyors ranged from 995.2 kilograms (2,194 lb) to 1,040 kilograms (2,290 lb), and their landing weights (minus fuel, jettisoned retrorocket, and radar unit) ranged from 294.3 kilograms (649 lb) to 306 kilograms (675 lb). Measurements from strain gauges mounted on the spacecraft landing gear were analyzed. Operations began shortly after landing.In addition to the objectives of developing and validating the technology for landing softly on the Moon and providing data on the compatibility of the Mechanical property estimates are the result of interpretations of landing telemetry data and television pictures as noted above. Some parts of The program performed several other services beyond its primary goal of demonstrating soft landings. The ability of spacecraft to make midcourse corrections was demonstrated, and the landers carried instruments to help evaluate the suitability of their landing sites for crewed Apollo landings. The Surveyor program consisted of seven unmanned lunar missions that were launched between May 1966 and January 1968. The tripod structure of aluminum tubing provided mounting surfaces for scientific and engineering equipment. The Surveyor program was a NASA program that, from June 1966 through January 1968, sent seven robotic spacecraft to the surface of the Moon. Of the seven Surveyor missions, five were successful. This instrument was carried by In addition, a small bar magnet was attached to one of the footpads. The missions called for the craft to travel directly to the Moon on an impact trajectory, a journey that lasted 63 to 65 hours, and ended with a deceleration of just over three minutes … Dimensions about 3 meters (10 feet) high with total footprint 4.3 meters (14 feet) in diameter In addition, it carried a surface sampler instrument for digging trenches, making bearing tests, and otherwise manipulating the lunar material in view of the television system. Five of these spacecraft, Surveyor 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 successfully soft-landed on the lunar surface. The remainder of the trip to the surface, lasting about 2.5 minutes, was handled by smaller doppler radar units and three Surveyor 1 required a total of about 63 hours (2.6 days) to reach the Moon, and Surveyor 5 required 65 hours (2.7 days). Surveyor 6 was the first spacecraft planned to liftoff from the Moon's surface. Surveyor 7 was the fifth and final spacecraft of the Surveyor series to achieve a lunar soft landing. This 750-pound, three-legged, unmanned spacecraft would carry 200 pounds of instruments, including zoom television cameras, a drill to sample the lunar soil, chemical analysis equipment, and a seismometer.
The Surveyor program consisted of seven unmanned lunar missions that were launched between May 1966 and January 1968. The soft landing was achieved by the spacecraft free falling to the lunar surface after the engines were turned off at a 3.5-meter altitude. Past Missions - Surveyor 1-7 Spacecraft Mass: 995 to 1,039 kilograms (2,194 to 2,288 pounds) at launch; 270 to about 283 kilograms (596 to 625 pounds) at landing Configuration: Triangular framework of aluminum tubes supported by three footpads on legs, all topped by mast for solar array and antenna. The other two failed: Surveyor 2 crashed at high velocity after a failed mid-course correction, and Surveyor 4 lost contact (possibly exploding) 2.5 minutes before its scheduled touch-down.

During these operations, additional Earth and star pictures were obtained, as were observations of the solar corona. Onboard equipment consisted of a 3-meter-square solar panel that provided approximately 85-watt output, a main battery and 24-volt non-rechargeable battery that together yielded a 4090-watt total output, a planar array antenna, two omnidirectional antennas, and a radar altimeter. Before the Soviet The simple and reliable mission architecture was a pragmatic approach to solving the most critical space engineering challenges of the time, namely the closed-loop terminal descent guidance and control system, throttleable engines, and the radar systems required for determining the lander's altitude and velocity. Contact with the spacecraft was resumed for a short period on December 14, 1967.The landing site chosen for this mission was in Sinus Medii, in the center of of the Moon’s visible hemisphere, the last of four potential Apollo landing areas designated for investigation by the Surveyor program.

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